India sends first consignment of Bailey bridge components to flood-hit Nepal
India has sent more than 130 tonnes of relief material and deployed 54 expert personnel to support Nepal's rescue, relief and forensic operations, according to the MEA.
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India has sent more than 130 tonnes of relief material and deployed 54 expert personnel to support Nepal's rescue, relief and forensic operations, according to the MEA.
A continuidade das chuvas desde o desastre de 26 de agosto, nas montanhas do Nepal, mantรฉm a regiรฃo em alerta para novos deslizamentos, inundaรงรตes ou avalanches, indica o Centro Internacional de Desenvolvimento Integrado de Montanhas (ICIMOD, na sigla em inglรชs).ย Embora a possibilidade de novas enchentes nรฃo seja imediata, a criosfera (รกreas da Terra cobertas por gelo) da regiรฃo de Kiyrong-Rasuwa sofreu profundas mudanรงas com o colapso da geleira do pico Langtang Lirung. Notรญcias relacionadas:Nepal apela por "esforรงo global" para combater alteraรงรตes climรกticas.Mortos nas enchentes do Nepal passam de 1 mil.Nepal monitora dois lagos; risco de enchentes persiste.Houve formaรงรฃo de lagos em รกreas elevadas, alรฉm de impacto desconhecido sobre outras geleiras prรณximas, com o abalo secundรกrio causado pelo desastre de agosto.ย Os impactos levaram a uma queda rรกpida e brusca de sedimentos, de um patamar de 5 mil metros de altura para 2 mil metros, onde ficaย a regiรฃo do vale do rio Lhende Khola.ย A รกrea transformou-se num mar de lama e detritos e foi destaqueย nos noticiรกrios hรก duas semanas.ย Especialistas ouvidos pela Agรชncia Brasil citam aย ocorrรชncia de novosย desastresย e oย monitoramento conjunto dessas condiรงรตes naturais como as principais preocupaรงรตes no momento.ย ย Mar de lama naย regiรฃo de Kiyrong-Rasuwa, no Nepalย ย - REUTERS/Navesh Chitrakar/ Proibido reproduรงรฃo Novas ocorrรชncias ร necessรกrio observar as rochas e o gelo do glaciar ao redor da fonte, as paredes รญngremes dos vales perturbadas pela avalanche, os bloqueios temporรกrios de rios e o grande volume de sedimentos soltos depositados ao longo do vale, que podem ser movidos em chuvas fortes futuras ou novas enchentes. O pesquisador sรชnior e especialista em monitoramento Sher Muhammad, do ICIMOD, explica que anรกlises preliminares com base em registros de satรฉlites foram o suficiente para reconstruir a fonte e o caminho da cascata. Alรฉm disso, dois trabalhos sรฃo รบteis para analisar os colapsos, mas ainda nรฃo passaram pela revisรฃo de pares. โA dinรขmica รฉ semelhante ร quela do desastre de Chamoli, em 2021, na porรงรฃo indiana do Himalaia. Os estudos da รฉpoca mostraram como um grande colapso envolvendo rochas e glaciar pode rapidamente se transformar em uma enchente com impactos devastadores.โ Embora os eventos sejam muito parecidos, Muhammad alerta para a necessidade de confirmar os dados iniciais e sรณ entรฃo comparar, definitivamente, os cenรกrios de Chimodi e Rasuwa. A hipรณtese de um colapso na ligaรงรฃo entre rocha e glaciar (geleira) รฉ a mais aceita internacionalmente.ย Segundo o especialista Jefferson Simรตes, que coordena o Instituto Nacional de Ciรชncia e Tecnologia da Criosfera (INCT Criosfera), a piora nas condiรงรตes climรกticas pode levar ร perda de aderรชncia entre o glaciar e a rocha que o sustenta, acumulando รกgua e contribuindo para a quebra das rochas. โSรฃo eventos conhecidos, ocorrem de tempos em tempos, porque sรฃo geleiras em montanhas com vertentes muito รญngremesโ, explica Simรตes, que tambรฉm รฉ professor da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRS). O problema maior รฉ quando hรก proximidade entre zonas habitadas e estes locais. Um evento semelhante, na regiรฃo de Yungay, no Peru, matou cerca de 20 mil pessoas.ย โO Instituto Nacional de Geleiras e Ecossistemas de Montanha do Peru monitora quase 60 geleiras que apresentam graus diferentes de risco. Vales de origem glacial sรฃo muito รญngremes. Quando provoca uma queda aquela mistura de รกgua, gelo, lama, rocha, tudo vem ladeira abaixo, e vem arrasando tudo. A diferenรงa dessa vez รฉ que se filmou.โ Outro ponto destacado por Simรตes รฉ que a รกgua de derretimento geralmente forma lagoas na frente da geleira. โIsso se dรก porque o prรณprio gelo transporta sedimentos que formam uma barreira e vai acumulando รกgua. Quando essa massa enorme de gelo e rocha invade esse lago hรก o estouro da barreira naturalโ.ย Hoje, na regiรฃo de Rasuwa, o governo nepalรชs mantรฉm dois lagos glaciais sob vigilรขncia. Embora recentes, jรก estiveram perto do ponto de extravasamento hรก cerca de uma semana. Aquecimento global Embora as autoridades locais e da Organizaรงรฃo das Naรงรตes Unidas (ONU) jรก tenham indicado o perigo do aquecimento global para a condiรงรฃo das geleiras, tanto Simรตes quanto Muhammad foram taxativos ao afirmar que nรฃo hรก elementos suficientes para atribuir o desastre em Rasuwa exclusivamente ao fenรดmeno. Aquecimento da Terra altera a condiรงรฃo climรกtica global. Reuters/Eric Gaillard/Direitos Reservados โO aquecimento estรก claramente afetando o gelo em todo o Himalaya e alterando as condiรงรตes gerais lรก. Esse processo pode afetar a estabilidade das montanhas e levando ร infiltraรงรฃo de รกgua em fraturas do gelo ou das rochas. Apesar disso, nรฃo podemos dizer que o aquecimento รฉ causa direta do colapsoโ, pondera Muhammad. O especialista paquistanรชs destacou ainda a importรขncia cada vez maior de mapeamento e acompanhamento das condiรงรตes locais. De acordo com ele, embora nรฃo seja possรญvel impedir colapsos naturais, รฉ possรญvel reduzir suas consequรชncias combinando melhorias no monitoramento, melhor uso das terras em รกreas de risco e estratรฉgias de aviso precoce e evacuaรงรฃo. โPrecisamos de um monitoramento sistemรกtico por satรฉlite de geleiras e encostas potencialmente instรกveis em toda a regiรฃo, de forma regular, seguido por uma observaรงรฃo mais intensa dos pontos crรญticos identificados usando cรขmeras, sensores sรญsmicos, instrumentos de campo e medidores de rios. Essas observaรงรตes devem estar diretamente conectadas aos sistemas de alerta prรฉvio.โย Para Muhammad, a principal liรงรฃo do colapso de agosto รฉ que monitorar geleiras, encostas e rios separadamente nรฃo รฉ mais suficiente. โEles precisam ser tratados como um sistema de risco conectado.โ
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