Healthcare
Clinical language, imaging, pathology, records, coding, drug information, and patient monitoring.
Layer 3 — Domain Models · Chapter 4
Major Domains and Data Types
Domain models are often discussed by industry, but the underlying data type can be just as important. A healthcare language model and a radiology vision model belong to the same industry while solving very different technical problems.
Professional and industrial domains
Law
Case law, contracts, litigation records, regulations, legal research, and jurisdiction-specific procedures.
Finance and insurance
Filings, transactions, risk signals, claims, underwriting, compliance, and market data.
Science
Proteins, molecules, materials, experiments, mathematical structures, and scientific literature.
Manufacturing
Sensor streams, maintenance records, engineering drawings, process control, defects, and robotics.
Government and defense
Public records, intelligence, logistics, geospatial data, policy, and mission-specific environments.
Important data modalities
- Text: reports, contracts, manuals, notes, research papers, messages, and filings.
- Images and video: scans, satellite imagery, industrial inspection, security footage, and microscopy.
- Signals and time series: audio, vital signs, markets, sensors, machines, networks, and energy systems.
- Graphs and structures: molecules, proteins, supply chains, social networks, knowledge graphs, and circuits.
- Spatial and physical data: maps, 3-D environments, robotics observations, and simulation states.
- Code and formal systems: software, equations, proofs, hardware description languages, and configuration files.
Multimodal domain models
Many real tasks require several modalities at once. A medical system may combine an image, laboratory values, prior notes, and guidelines. An industrial system may combine sensor data, maintenance logs, photographs, and engineering diagrams.